the birmingham and stubbs gauge is most commonly used to indicate what?

Wire gauge organisation used in medicine

The Birmingham guess ^[1] is a wire estimate system, and is too used to specify thickness or diameter of hypodermic needles and tube products.

Terminology [edit]

Birmingham gauge is also known as the Stubs Fe Wire Gauge or Birmingham Wire Guess. It is not the same as, though similar to, the Stubs Steel Wire Guess.

Birmingham gauge is often only termed Gauge, with the abridgement K.^[2] All the same, this should non be confused with French gauge.

Arrangement [edit]

The gauge starts at the lowest gauge number of 5Ø or 00000, corresponding to the largest size of 0.500 inches (12.7 mm), and runs to the highest estimate number of 36, respective to the smallest size of 0.004 inches (0.10 mm). Size steps between gauges range from 0.001 inches (0.025 mm) between high judge numbers to 0.046 inches (1.2 mm) between the two lowest guess numbers and do non correspond to a particular mathematical pattern, although for the most part the steps get smaller with increasing gauge number.^[3] Concerning wire and fine tubing, the gauge number is used to specify the outside diameter of the product, whereas for larger mechanical tubing the gauge number specifies the wall thickness independent of the overall size of the tube.

In medicine, the Birmingham gauge specifies the exterior diameter of hypodermic needles, catheters, cannulae and suture wires. Information technology was originally developed in early 19th-century England for utilise in wire manufacture, and began appearing in a medical setting in the early 20th century.

Some other common needle judge system is the French catheter scale.

Needle wire judge was derived from the Stubs Iron Wire Gauge.

Sizes of hypodermic needles [edit]

Hypodermic needles are available in a wide diverseness of outer diameters described by gauge numbers. Smaller judge numbers indicate larger outer diameters.^[iv] Inner diameter depends on both gauge and wall thickness. The following chart shows nominal inner diameter and wall thickness for regular-wall needles.^{[4] [5]} Thin-wall needles (non shown) have identical outer diameters but larger inner diameters for a given gauge.

Guess, G	Nominal outer bore		Nominal inner diameter[a]		Nominal wall thickness[a]		ISO6009 color[half dozen]
	(inch)	(mm)	(inch)	(mm)	(inch)	(mm)
7	0.180 ± 0.001	4.572 ± 0.025	0.150 ± 0.003	3.810 ± 0.076	0.015 ± 0.001	0.381 ± 0.025	(undefined)
viii	0.165 ± 0.001	4.191 ± 0.025	0.135 ± 0.003	iii.429 ± 0.076	0.015 ± 0.001	0.381 ± 0.025	(undefined)
9	0.148 ± 0.001	iii.759 ± 0.025	0.118 ± 0.003	2.997 ± 0.076	0.015 ± 0.001	0.381 ± 0.025	(undefined)
x	0.134 ± 0.001	iii.404 ± 0.025	0.106 ± 0.003	two.692 ± 0.076	0.014 ± 0.001	0.356 ± 0.025	Olive brown
eleven	0.120 ± 0.001	3.048 ± 0.025	0.094 ± 0.003	2.388 ± 0.076	0.013 ± 0.001	0.330 ± 0.025	Light-green-yellow
12	0.109 ± 0.001	2.769 ± 0.025	0.085 ± 0.003	2.159 ± 0.076	0.012 ± 0.001	0.305 ± 0.025	Pale blue
13	0.095 ± 0.001	2.413 ± 0.025	0.071 ± 0.003	1.803 ± 0.076	0.012 ± 0.001	0.305 ± 0.025	Purple
fourteen	0.083 ± 0.001	ii.108 ± 0.025	0.063 ± 0.003	1.600 ± 0.076	0.010 ± 0.001	0.254 ± 0.025	Pale green
xv	0.0720 ± 0.0005	1.829 ± 0.013	0.0540 ± 0.0015	ane.372 ± 0.038	0.0090 ± 0.0005	0.229 ± 0.013	Blue-grayness
16	0.0650 ± 0.0005	1.651 ± 0.013	0.0470 ± 0.0015	one.194 ± 0.038	0.0090 ± 0.0005	0.229 ± 0.013	White
17	0.0580 ± 0.0005	one.473 ± 0.013	0.0420 ± 0.0015	ane.067 ± 0.038	0.0080 ± 0.0005	0.203 ± 0.013	Ruby-violet
18	0.0500 ± 0.0005	1.270 ± 0.013	0.0330 ± 0.0015	0.838 ± 0.038	0.0085 ± 0.0005	0.216 ± 0.013	Pink
19	0.0420 ± 0.0005	1.067 ± 0.013	0.0270 ± 0.0015	0.686 ± 0.038	0.0075 ± 0.0005	0.191 ± 0.013	Foam
20	0.03575 ± 0.00025	0.9081 ± 0.0064	0.02375 ± 0.00075	0.603 ± 0.019	0.00600 ± 0.00025	0.1524 ± 0.0064	Yellow
21	0.03225 ± 0.00025	0.8192 ± 0.0064	0.02025 ± 0.00075	0.514 ± 0.019	0.00600 ± 0.00025	0.1524 ± 0.0064	Deep green
22	0.02825 ± 0.00025	0.7176 ± 0.0064	0.01625 ± 0.00075	0.413 ± 0.019	0.00600 ± 0.00025	0.1524 ± 0.0064	Black
22s	0.02825 ± 0.00025	0.7176 ± 0.0064	0.00600 ± 0.00075	0.152 ± 0.019	0.01110 ± 0.00025	0.2826 ± 0.0064	(undefined)
23	0.02525 ± 0.00025	0.6414 ± 0.0064	0.01325 ± 0.00075	0.337 ± 0.019	0.00600 ± 0.00025	0.1524 ± 0.0064	Deep blue
24	0.02225 ± 0.00025	0.5652 ± 0.0064	0.01225 ± 0.00075	0.311 ± 0.019	0.00500 ± 0.00025	0.1270 ± 0.0064	Medium purple
25	0.02025 ± 0.00025	0.5144 ± 0.0064	0.01025 ± 0.00075	0.260 ± 0.019	0.00500 ± 0.00025	0.1270 ± 0.0064	Orange
26	0.01825 ± 0.00025	0.4636 ± 0.0064	0.01025 ± 0.00075	0.260 ± 0.019	0.00400 ± 0.00025	0.1016 ± 0.0064	Brown
26s	0.01865 ± 0.00025	0.4737 ± 0.0064	0.00500 ± 0.00075	0.127 ± 0.019	0.00680 ± 0.00025	0.1734 ± 0.0064	(undefined)
27	0.01625 ± 0.00025	0.4128 ± 0.0064	0.00825 ± 0.00075	0.210 ± 0.019	0.00400 ± 0.00025	0.1016 ± 0.0064	Medium gray
28	0.01425 ± 0.00025	0.3620 ± 0.0064	0.00725 ± 0.00075	0.184 ± 0.019	0.00350 ± 0.00025	0.0889 ± 0.0064	Blue-light-green
29	0.01325 ± 0.00025	0.3366 ± 0.0064	0.00725 ± 0.00075	0.184 ± 0.019	0.00300 ± 0.00025	0.0762 ± 0.0064	Red
30	0.01225 ± 0.00025	0.3112 ± 0.0064	0.00625 ± 0.00075	0.159 ± 0.019	0.00300 ± 0.00025	0.0762 ± 0.0064	Yellow
31	0.01025 ± 0.00025	0.2604 ± 0.0064	0.00525 ± 0.00075	0.133 ± 0.019	0.00250 ± 0.00025	0.0635 ± 0.0064	White
32	0.00925 ± 0.00025	0.2350 ± 0.0064	0.00425 ± 0.00075	0.108 ± 0.019	0.00250 ± 0.00025	0.0635 ± 0.0064	Deep greenish
33	0.00825 ± 0.00025	0.2096 ± 0.0064	0.00425 ± 0.00075	0.108 ± 0.019	0.00200 ± 0.00025	0.0508 ± 0.0064	Blackness
34	0.00725 ± 0.00025	0.1842 ± 0.0064	0.00325 ± 0.00075	0.0826 ± 0.019	0.00200 ± 0.00025	0.0508 ± 0.0064	Orangish
^ a b Not strictly defined, and may vary for a given gauge.

Six hypodermic needles on Luer connectors. These needles are normally used with other medical devices, such equally a syringe; from top to bottom:

• 26G × one⁄2 ″ (0.45 × 12 mm) (brown)
• 25G × 5⁄8 ″ (0.5 × 16 mm) (orange)
• 22G × 1+ 1⁄4 ″ (0.7 × xxx mm) (blackness)
• 21G × 1+ ane⁄2 ″ (0.8 × 40 mm) (green)
• 20G × 1+ i⁄2 ″ (0.9 × 40 mm) (yellow)
• 19G × 1+ one⁄2 ″ (one.ane × 40 mm) (cream)

Rapid blood transfusion through 23G or smaller needles tin cause hemolysis.^[seven]

Sizes of catheters [edit]

This includes peripheral venous catheters and central venous catheters. The gauge compared to outer diameter is the same equally for needles, but the colour coding is different.

Approximate	Outer bore (mm)	Maximum flow charge per unit (ml/min)	Color
14	two.10	250–300	Orange
16	1.65	200	Greyness
eighteen	1.27	75–120[8]	Green[8]
20	0.ninety	xl–80[8]	Pinkish[eight]
22	0.71	55[viii]	Blue[viii]
24	0.56	35[8]	Yellow[8]
26	0.46	xiii–15[8]	Black[viii]

See also [edit]

• Wire gauge, including other systems

• Wire gauge comparing chart

• French judge, mainly for catheters
• American Wire Gauge

References [edit]

1. ^ Folio 400 in: Steven M. Yentis, Nicholas P. Hirsch, James Ip (2013). Anaesthesia and Intensive Care A-Z E-Book: An Encyclopedia of Principles and Do. FRCA Study Guides (5 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN9780702053757. {{cite volume}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors listing (link)
2. ^ "'French', 'gauge' and millimeters". University of California, San Francisco . Retrieved 2018-02-03 .
3. ^ Machinery's Handbook 27. New York, NY: Industrial Printing, Inc. 2004. p. 2520.
4. ^ ^{a b} "Syringe Needle Guess Chart". Sigma Aldrich. Retrieved 20 March 2012.
5. ^ "Hypodermic Needle Guess Chart". Medical Tube Applied science, Inc. Retrieved 20 March 2012.
6. ^ "ISO 6009:2016 Hypodermic needles for single use -- Color coding for identification". International Organization for Standardization. Publication engagement: 2016-08
7. ^ Miller, Michal A.; Schlueter, Annette J. (2004). "Transfusions via mitt-held syringes and minor-gauge needles as risk factors for hyperkalemia". Transfusion. 44 (3): 373–381. doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2004.00653.10. ISSN 0041-1132.
8. ^ ^{a b c d e f thou h i j} Page 110 in: Edward Doyle (2007). Pediatric Anesthesia. OUP Oxford. ISBN9780199202799.

Further reading [edit]

• ISO 9626: Stainless steel needle tubing for the manufacture of medical devices, 1st ed. Geneva: International Organization for Standardization, 1991: 1–two.
• ISO 9626: Stainless steel needle tubing for the manufacture of medical devices, Subpoena 1. Geneva: International Organization for Standardization, 2001: ane–2.
• Wonsik Ahn; Jae-Hyon Bahk; Young-Jin Lim (2002). "The "Gauge" System for the Medical Use". Anesthesia & Analgesia. 95 (4): 1125. doi:x.1097/00000539-200210000-00076.

External links [edit]

• Iserson KV (1987). "The origins of the gauge system for medical equipment". J Emerg Med. five (ane): 45–8. doi:10.1016/0736-4679(87)90009-6. PMID 3295010.
• Sheet Metal Gauge Size Data - Engineers Edge

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham_gauge#:~:text=The%20Birmingham%20gauge%20is%20a,hypodermic%20needles%20and%20tube%20products.

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